The Ordinary Niacinamide 5% Face and Body Emulsion for Dark Spots & Uneven Tone

GLYCERIN is a versatile ingredient commonly used in cosmetics for its multiple functions. It acts as a humectant, which means it helps to attract moisture to the skin and hair, making it beneficial for maintaining hydration. Additionally, it serves as a skin-conditioning agent, enhancing the overall feel and appearance of the skin. As a denaturant, it can modify the properties of other ingredients, while its role as a solvent allows for the effective dissolution of other components in a formulation. Furthermore, GLYCERIN contributes to viscosity control, helping to achieve the desired thickness of a product. Its use in oral care products highlights its broad applicability across different cosmetic categories. Formulators may add GLYCERIN to improve the texture, stability, and moisturizing properties of their formulations.

SPHINGOMONAS FERMENT EXTRACT is derived from the fermentation of the Sphingomonas bacteria, which is known for its skin-conditioning properties. This ingredient is often included in cosmetic formulations to enhance the skin's hydration and overall texture, contributing to a smoother and more supple appearance. Formulators may add it to products for its potential to improve skin barrier function and provide a soothing effect, making it a valuable addition in formulations aimed at enhancing skin health.

PENTYLENE GLYCOL is a cosmetic ingredient recognized for its functions as a skin-conditioning agent and solvent. As a skin-conditioning agent, it helps to improve the feel and appearance of the skin, making it smoother and more hydrated. This function is particularly valuable in cosmetic formulations aimed at enhancing skin texture and moisture retention. Additionally, as a solvent, PENTYLENE GLYCOL aids in dissolving other ingredients, facilitating their incorporation into formulations and ensuring a uniform distribution throughout the product. Formulators may add this ingredient to enhance the overall efficacy and sensory experience of their products.

ETHYLHEXYL OLIVATE is a naturally derived ingredient commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its skin-conditioning properties. It is an ester of ethylhexyl alcohol and the fatty acids derived from olive oil, which helps to enhance the skin's moisture levels and improve its overall texture. Formulators may add ETHYLHEXYL OLIVATE to products to provide a smooth, silky feel upon application, making it an appealing choice for creams, lotions, and serums aimed at enhancing skin hydration and softness.

POLYGLYCERYL-4 OLEATE is a surfactant and emulsifying agent commonly used in cosmetic formulations. It helps to stabilize and blend oil and water components, allowing for a smooth and consistent texture in products. Formulators may add POLYGLYCERYL-4 OLEATE to enhance the overall performance of a product by improving its spreadability and feel on the skin, while also contributing to the product's stability over time.

SODIUM ACRYLATES COPOLYMER is a synthetic polymer commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its versatile properties. It functions primarily as a binding agent, helping to hold ingredients together, and as a film-forming agent, creating a protective layer on the skin or hair. Additionally, it serves to opacify formulations, giving them a more opaque appearance, and controls viscosity, ensuring the desired thickness of the product. Formulators may add SODIUM ACRYLATES COPOLYMER to enhance the texture and stability of cosmetic products, contributing to a pleasant application experience.

ISOCETETH-20 is a synthetic compound commonly used in cosmetic formulations as a surfactant and emulsifier. Its primary functions include helping to blend oil and water-based ingredients, allowing for a stable and uniform product texture. Additionally, it acts as a cleansing agent, assisting in the removal of dirt and impurities from the skin or hair. Formulators may add ISOCETETH-20 to enhance the performance and feel of a product, ensuring effective cleansing while maintaining a desirable consistency and stability in the formulation.

SODIUM CITRATE is a sodium salt of citric acid, commonly used in cosmetics for its multifunctional properties. It primarily serves as a buffering agent, helping to maintain the pH balance of formulations, which is crucial for product stability and skin compatibility. Additionally, it acts as a chelating agent, binding to metal ions that can affect the efficacy and stability of other ingredients, thereby enhancing the overall performance of the product. Furthermore, SODIUM CITRATE may contribute to the fragrance profile of formulations, although it is important to note that it can also be associated with fragrance-related risk flags.

CITRIC ACID is a multifunctional ingredient commonly used in cosmetics for its buffering, chelating, and fragrance properties. As a buffering agent, it helps to maintain the pH balance of formulations, which is essential for the stability and effectiveness of various cosmetic products. Its chelating function allows it to bind metal ions, which can enhance the overall performance and longevity of the formulation by preventing the degradation of other ingredients. Additionally, CITRIC ACID can contribute to the fragrance profile of a product, adding to the sensory experience of the user. Formulators may include CITRIC ACID to improve product stability and enhance the overall user experience.

MALIC ACID is a dicarboxylic acid commonly used in cosmetic formulations primarily for its buffering properties. As a buffering agent, it helps to maintain the pH balance of a product, ensuring that it remains stable and effective over time. This function is crucial in cosmetic products, as it can enhance the overall performance and compatibility of various ingredients within the formulation. Formulators may add MALIC ACID to achieve a desired pH level, which can be important for the product's efficacy and user experience.

TRISODIUM ETHYLENEDIAMINE DISUCCINATE is a chelating agent commonly used in cosmetic formulations. Its primary function is to bind metal ions, which can help to stabilize products and enhance their efficacy by preventing the degradation of active ingredients that may occur in the presence of these metals. Formulators may add this ingredient to improve the overall stability and performance of a product, ensuring that it maintains its intended qualities over time.

Tocopherol, commonly known as Vitamin E or Alpha Tocopherol, is a fat-soluble antioxidant that plays a crucial role in protecting skin cells from oxidative stress caused by free radicals. Its antioxidant properties help to stabilize and preserve the integrity of cosmetic formulations, thereby enhancing their shelf life and effectiveness. Formulators often include Tocopherol in products to provide additional skin benefits, such as moisturizing and soothing properties, making it a popular choice in skincare and cosmetic products.

ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN is a multifunctional ingredient commonly used in cosmetic formulations for its deodorant and skin-conditioning properties. As a deodorant, it helps to reduce body odor by inhibiting the growth of odor-causing bacteria, making it a valuable addition to personal care products. Additionally, its skin-conditioning function allows it to enhance the skin's feel and appearance, contributing to a smoother and more hydrated surface. Formulators may include ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN to improve the overall sensory experience of a product while also providing functional benefits that support skin health.

PHENOXYETHANOL is recorded as an antimicrobial and preservative. These recorded roles explain why a formulator may include it in a cosmetic formula.

CHLORPHENESIN is an antimicrobial and preservative agent commonly used in cosmetic formulations. Its primary function is to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi, thereby helping to extend the shelf life of products and maintain their safety for consumer use. Formulators may add CHLORPHENESIN to prevent contamination and degradation of formulations, ensuring that they remain effective and safe throughout their intended lifespan. Due to its antimicrobial properties, it is particularly valuable in products that are prone to microbial growth, such as creams and lotions.